Out of the 422 million people around the world living with diabetes, one in three of them will develop diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common condition that can lead to permanent blindness if left ...

Diabetic retinopathy remains a leading cause of preventable vision loss, yet predicting which patients will experience disease progression remains challenging.

Diabetic retinopathy develops through complex microvascular damage driven by chronic hyperglycemia, yet traditional risk ...